What is the phase of metabolism in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy?

The phase of metabolism that involves breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones is known as catabolism. During this process, complex substances such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are degraded into simpler molecules, such as glucose and amino acids. This breakdown releases energy, which is then harnessed by the body to perform various functions, including muscle contraction, cellular repair, and maintaining homeostasis.

Catabolic reactions are often coupled with anabolic reactions, where energy released from catabolism is used to build larger molecules from smaller units. Therefore, understanding catabolism is crucial, as it provides the energy necessary for the biosynthetic processes that allow growth and maintenance of cells.

This distinction is essential for comprehending the overall process of metabolism, which encompasses both catabolic and anabolic pathways. The other terms presented in the choices represent different concepts: anabolism refers to building larger molecules from smaller ones, oxidation is a specific type of chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons, and metabolism is a broad term that includes all biochemical processes in the body.